cyberwarfare

The collapse of the old order: Europe’s political crisis and the rise of strategic realignment

The geopolitical assumptions that defined the post-Cold War era are rapidly disintegrating. Across Europe, traditional political parties are collapsing under the weight of public frustration, while NATO struggles to adapt to the realities of modern warfare exposed by Ukraine. At the same time, the media environment that once sustained Western consensus politics is fragmenting as [...]

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Warfare by any other name?

For years, European officials have spoken about “hybrid warfare” as though it were a future threat. It is not. It is already embedded in the political and economic landscape of the continent, and has been raging for years. Hybrid warfare does not begin with tanks crossing borders. It begins with ambiguity. It operates in the

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The Growing Threat of Disinformation in Europe

Disinformation - the distribution of misleading information used to coerce - has become a critical threat to Europe. Unlike misinformation, which is commonly shared unintentionally, disinformation is specifically crafted to disrupt stability, undermine confidence and steer public opinion. In recent years, Europe has become a hotspot for such campaigns, with prominent states like Russia utilising

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The New Cold War

In the evolving network of global relations, a New Cold War landscape has emerged, marked by intensifying geopolitical tensions among the world's major powers. The United States, the European Union and their allies, find themselves in an increasingly complex standoff with nations like Russia, China, North Korea and Iran. This modern Cold War, unlike its

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Russian ‘dezinformatsiya’: the anatomy of Russian disinformation campaigns

As nations prepare for pivotal elections this year, many will be aware of the dangers posed by fake news and misleading narratives. Given the ease of accessing digital platforms across country borders, the topic is now a major concern – and not just to those countries facing electoral decisions. The phenomenon of disinformation has its

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